If you get a positive result, it means you are currently infected with coronavirus and risk infecting others. According to the CDC, you may end isolation five days after testing positive, as long as your symptoms are "resolving," including no fever for 24 hours, and you wear a mask "at all times when around others" for five more days. Last medically reviewed on February 27, 2022. How do COVID-19 antibody tests differ from diagnostic tests? All rights reserved. Higher sensitivity of PCR means it can identify genetic material. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is the pathogen that causes COVID-19, uses RNA as its genetic material. because inactivated RNA degrades slowly over time it may still be detected many weeks after infectiousness has dissipated.. Enter your email address to receive updates about the latest advances in genomics research. Mayo Clinic Minute: You're washing your hands all wrong. This means that 1) either we do not have the true infection fatality ratio (IFR) but a (CFR), 3) the cases in March-April correspond to different phenomena to those in July-September, or 3) the virus has mutated so rapidly that the true IFR has changed already and dramatically. You do the PCR. Jefferson T, Spencer E, Brassey J, Heneghan C. Viral cultures for COVID-19 infectivity assessment. SARS-CoV, MERS, Influenza Ebola and Zika viral RNA can be detected long after the disappearance of the infectious virus. Figure 6. Figure 7. This test is cheaper and much quicker than a PCR test, returning results in 1530 minutes. You should complete at least five days of isolation after you test positive. 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. Both can reliably determine whether you . (n.d.). Tom Jefferson et al. Here D(t) is the number of deaths at time t (or a given day) and P(t*) is the number of PCR positives at an earlier time t*=t-t0, where t0 is the time between the number of deaths D recorded and the number of PCR Positives recorded (typically days to weeks as shown in Figure 5). All Rights Reserved. PCR is useful for confirming a suspected case of COVID-19, where the person is already self-isolating and is showing symptoms. Copyright 2010 - 2023 Summit Health Management, LLC. A positive COVID-19 PCR test means that SARS-CoV-2 is present. This separates the DNA inside into two pieces of single-stranded DNA. Figure 9. However, having antibodies may not mean you're protected against reinfection with COVID-19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Using antibody tests for COVID-19. You should try to stay at home and avoid contact with other people for 5 days after the day you took the test. When you test positive, you should isolate yourself for a minimum of five days and wear a mask for five days after that, according to the CDC. You will have to look up what hawaii requires to know . sergio.s.hernandez@uit.no, Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Artic University of Norway Accessed Jan. 25, 2022. A negative test does not completely rule out having the COVID-19 virus. Antigen tests, also known as rapid tests, look for viral proteins, give results within minutes, and are less expensive. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed April 16, 2020. Ultimately, this means PCR positives cannot be used to tell if the pandemic is advancing if for that we understand that deaths are to increase or decrease. Selena Simmons-Duffin/NPR However, in figure 4 we show PCR positives versus Covid19 deaths as labelled by the Spanish ministry of health. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. PCR is a common technique in medical and biological research labs, and there are many applications. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-first-diagnostic-test-using-home-collection-saliva. MBio. What does this mean? The PCR test is much more sensitive in identifying an infection because it can amplify traces of the virus in other words, even if you have a small amount of virus, it can detect it. In 5 August 2020 Edition. The Postal Service is now taking orders for COVID-19 test kits, With omicron, you need a mask that means business, private insurance companies are reimbursing members, A pediatrician's advice to parents of kids under 5 on omicron, travel and day care, Omicron is spreading at lightning speed. That is a hawaii specific test. Our impression is that most data for all countries is in agreement with our interpretation, namely, PCR positives do not correlate to deaths in the future and are therefore meaningless, on their own, to interpret the spread of the virus in terms of potential deaths. If you have symptoms and likely have been exposed to the virus by traveling or socializing, a positive antigen test is probably enough evidence that you have the virus, says Dr. Abraar Karan, an infectious disease physician at Stanford University. We avoid using tertiary references. So even if you're showing symptoms, you might want to wait a day or two to take the first test, especially if you have a limited supply of tests. It is a quick, inexpensive way to copy small segments of genetic material. Antibody testing is usually done to see whether you had COVID-19 in the past and now have antibodies against the virus that causes COVID-19. page 4, Is there evidence that someone is infectious after PCR results?. Those who aren't vaccinated should quarantine after a known exposure until test results are in. Using a long nasal swab to get a fluid sample, some antigen tests can produce results in minutes. With the exception of a few over-the-counter options , the tests are processed in a lab. 9037 Troms, Norway, Future Synthesis AS Uniongata 18, 3732 Skien, Norway, Download Pdf: PCR test REFERENCE_Infectivity 2020 Nov 5 A negative result happens when the SARS-CoV-2 primers do not match the genetic material in the sample and there is no amplification. will not die. (2019). I mean like you're describing, had covid recently and out of quarantine. Basically, through a series of chemical reactions, the test The testing process begins when healthcare workers collect samples using a nasal swab or saliva tube. A PCR test usually costs about $150 without insurance. Mayo Clinic. Most at-home PCR tests require mailing the sample to a lab, with results in 24-48 hours. fsdataanalysis@gmail.com The FDA approved these types of tests for diagnosing a COVID-19 infection: RT-PCR test. Learn more. Coronavirus (COVID-19) test results may take a few days to a week, depending on different factors. Conclusion: A TRUE POSITIVE in PCR does not always mean that the person presents any danger to society. Doctors call this convalescent plasma. The x axis stands for the days of delay from the number of PCR positive recorded to the number of excess deaths. BIOTEC C. Real Time PCR Detection Kits. cold winters or heat waves (Figure10). A guide to COVID tests: When to test, what kind to use and what your results mean. COVID-19: Testing. This means the PCR positive is a FALSE POSITIVE rather than a TRUE POSITIVE. The way in which the experiment is carried out however, matters. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. page 3, Explanation of the experiment that shows whether a virus is still infective. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. PCR is sometimes called molecular photocopying, and it is incredibly accurate and sensitive. A ratio between infections and deaths is the typical way in which mortality is considered[5]. Accessed Jan. 25, 2022. other than Spain. Such data can be submitted to either visual inspection or PCR positive to excess death correlation as shown here. If we find many Covid19 deaths during a period but excess deaths are low or negative, it is likely that we are inflating Covid19 numbers. Also called a molecular test, this COVID-19 test detects genetic material of the virus using a lab technique called reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Anyone exposed to COVID-19 could self-test and/or go to a lab or clinic for a test if necessary. A positive antigen test result is considered accurate when instructions are carefully followed. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. If you are at risk for severe illness, you should get a test in case you need medication for COVID-19. Accessed Oct. 27, 2020. See next. If both "positive" and "negative". If you suspect that you may have COVID but haven't tested positive yet, the FDA now. for a number of PCR Positives P, D deaths should be expected after a t0 ( =D/P). As shown the PCR positives do not correlate to excess deaths in the future and therefore lack predictive power. In this respect, the CEBM writes: Viral culture [acts] as reference test against which any diagnostic index test for viruses must be measured and calibrated, to understand the predictive properties of that test.. The idea of population-wide Covid testing on this scale was first revealed in leaked documents in the autumn of 2020. . Figuring out when it's OK to ease up on your safety measures after catching COVID-19 can be tricky. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized specific antibody tests, but tests with questionable accuracy are still on the market. The authors wanted to find out if 1) PCR TRUE POSITIVE meant that the virus found in the person could be transmitted to other people or was virulent or 2) the virus was no longer infective or virulent. A positive result happens when the SARS-CoV-2 primers match the DNA in the sample and the sequence is amplified, creating millions of copies. Accessed Oct. 30, 2020. A positive test result for coronavirus (COVID-19) means it's very likely you had COVID-19 when the test was done. "If you just left the test . If test results show that you have antibodies, it can mean that you have been infected with the COVID-19 virus in the past or you have antibodies after being vaccinated. In. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. And it can take several days to get results from a PCR test. A false negative result happens when a person is infected, but there is not enough viral genetic material in the sample for the PCR test to detect it. Wash your hands thoroughly with warm water and soap for at least 30 seconds. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the length of time you'll need to. Inconclusive results (presumptive positive) or presumed positive: Inconclusive/Presumptive Positive or Presumed Positive means target 1 was not detected but target 2 was detected. The coefficient of determination R2 is 0.3 and is highest when plotting the PCR positives recorded on the same day that excess deaths are recorded. And they can also be used as an added precaution before socializing (which we'll discuss a couple of questions down). If you're in the US you can go to planned parenthood. It seems like this year the heat wave has been displaced toward August and September, rather than July and August as in previous years, in some European countries. Some COVID-19 tests provide fast results at home without sending the sample to a lab. If you think you have a false positive from a home test, you can get a confirmatory PCR test if you can find one. Quin ha dicho que no puede haber una ola de calor en septiembre? That would give enough time for the body to develop a viral load that can be detected by a test. Biologists can tell if the virus is infectious by injecting it into cells (culture cells). With COVID-19 diagnostic testing, people who test positive and have symptoms can get care earlier. Conclusion in relation to PCR positives and an advancing pandemic A PCR test can check for the presence of pathogen, such as a virus, cancer cells, or genetic changes. In all cases, if you tested positive on your own home test or a test taken outside of MIT Medical, you should report your positive test result in Covid Pass or on Atlas. What did Tom Jefferson et al. A 2021 systematic review and meta-analysis found that the tests for this virus were accurate in 97.2% of cases. 1 would give us some predictive power over the number of deaths by Covid19 expected in t0 days (time). Look closely! https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-serological-test-validation-and-education-efforts. Figure 4. https://www.mscbs.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/ccayes/alertasActual/nCov/documentos/Actualizacion_207_COVID-19.pdf. The new guidance prompted criticism from public health experts. PCR positives in Spain (Top in green) versus deaths labelled as Covid19 deaths (Bottom brown) from march to the 14th of September in Spain according to the Ministry of health. "If your test result is. On Tuesday, the CDC changed those recommendations to include taking a test on Day 5, if possible, but it stopped short of requiring a test. Both platforms search for 2 targets; target 1 that is specific to SARS-CoV-2 (the coronavirus causing COVID-19) and target 2 for general Corona Viruses (including but not limited to SARS-CoV-2). Understanding COVID-19 PCR testing. Data from May to the end of August is shown in a scatter diagram, i.e. If you've been exposed but don't have symptoms, the CDC says you can go out while wearing a well-fitting, protective mask if you're vaccinated and boosted. This aids in determining who might have immunity, though to what extent and for how long is not yet known. Since Jan. 15, private insurance companies are reimbursing members for over-the-counter COVID-19 diagnostic tests that have been authorized, cleared or approved by the Food and Drug Administration. As for PCR tests, availability depends on the demand in your community. Evidence Service to support the COVID-19 response, info@future-synthesis.com (2021). hide caption. What's more, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has changed its testing guidelines in the wake of the omicron surge in the U.S. and public health researchers are critical of some of the recommendations. Covid19 labelled death versus TRUE death by Covid19 Figure 5 shows schematically that t0 is expected to be between 20 and 30 days roughly (4 weeks) and on average. Results may be available in minutes if analyzed onsite or a few days or longer in locations with test processing delays if sent to an outside lab. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA authorizes first test for patient at-home sample collection. Update: The current turnaround time is averaging 2-3 days to receive your COVID-19 PCR (nasal swab) results. If a delay of 10-20 days is allowed, implying that we want to predict deaths in the future from PCR positives today, the correlation coefficient gave us numbers below 0.2 (not shown). Finally, regarding deaths, we must consider carefully Covid19 labelled deaths versus excess deaths. Furthermore, since it is not known whether and how PCR positives correlates to infectivity and how it is that this correlation must be interpreted, the interpretation of a PCR POSITIVE is inconclusive. Therefore, any light increase/decrease in deaths should be contrasted to the temperature. PCR kits for SARS Cov2 (manufacturers and asymptomatic) In the article the authors say: Data are sparse on how the PCR results relate to viral culture results. The types of PCR test differ based on the sample involved. But then the virus is still present many days after. Results of antibody tests indicate how many people had COVID-19 and recovered, including those who didn't have symptoms. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA authorizes first antigen test to help in the rapid detection of the virus that causes COVID-19 in patients. "I personally think a five-day lifting of isolation regardless of vaccination status, regardless of testing, regardless of anything I am very concerned about it," Butler-Wu says. If "there's a bunch of COVID and I'm symptomatic, it's probably a true positive," Butler-Wu says. This results in a PCR positive, but a crucial question remains: is this virus active, i.e. CONCLUSIONS What are a reference test and a baseline? But this is not the only possibility. This is because viral culture is required to establish if the viral RNA is capable of infecting cells and reproduce. If the test is positive, a green light will appear next to "positive" on the testing unit, rather than next to "negative" like you see in this photo. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Accessed April 29, 2020. The lab then amplifies this DNA by. However, if your clinical opinion is that covid-19 is likely, then a positive test is likely to be reliable page 5, How long can an inactive virus remain in a body? It is also possible that this virus simply never did anything to you and lacked infectivity from the very beginning. This may occur if a person undergoes the test too soon after exposure to the virus. Rapid tests could be negative before a party and positive during it, just a few hours later even if you're vaccinated and boosted. See above. Antigen test. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. However, antigen tests are generally less sensitive than PCR tests. Place them all on a clean surface. A negative result suggests that these are not present. page 2, Culturing a virus as reference test page 2, Does a PCR TRUE POSITIVE mean INFECTIVITY OR VIRULENCE?. A positive test result will tell you to cancel your plans and stay home and isolate. The virus cannot be transmitted when cell culture shows that the virus is not infective. But calling PCR positives cases does not specify whether the persons have carried the virus for long or whether it is active. COVID-19 nasal swab type now determined at time of collection and may limit test "add-on" options: IP nurses will still complete the NP swab. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG Antibody Positive Test Result If your antibody test result was positive, this means that the test shows that you have COVID-19 antibodies in your blood. This COVID-19 test detects certain proteins in the virus. COVID-19 vaccine: Should I reschedule my mammogram? We suggest that the hypothesis of CEBM, i.e. the more PCR positives (SARS Cov2) today the more deaths by Covid19 in the future (at least a few days later but presumably 2-4 weeks later at least if the PCR is taken just after infection). matteo.chiesa@uit.no There's the rapid, do-it-yourself home test, which involves swabbing your nose and takes about 15 minutes to display a result on a test strip provided in the kit. The reaction then cools to allow primers to attach to the template DNA sequences. That is, if the PCR detects the virus in the human sample, this detection might correspond to a virus that is now incapable of infecting cells and reproducing. Some people have the viral infection without developing symptoms of the disease. California's state of emergency declaration, a response to . It's probably not HIV. Accessed Jan. 25, 2022. A positive PCR test does not yield any information about potential immunity. COVID rapid tests can indicate if a person is infectious and contagious at the exact time of testing. The implication is that PCR positives have no predictive power since in this way they cannot predict if excess deaths will follow from PCR positives. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education. If you have a question you'd like us to consider for a future post, email us at goatsandsoda@npr.org with the subject line: "Weekly Coronavirus Questions." Short sequences called primers are used to selectively amplify a specific DNA sequence. A swab of the nose, throat, or both may cause some mild coughing, discomfort, and a slight gagging sensation. Imagine that a virus enters your body. That's why you should test at least twice. PCR stands for polymerase chain reaction, which is a technique for amplifying trace amounts of virus DNA. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fact sheet. ​Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). So it can tell whether you're infected even a day or so after you develop what appear to be COVID-19 symptoms or a few days after exposure to someone with COVID-19. "If both tests are negative and you do not have a high temperature, you're less likely to pass Covid-19 to others and you can go back safely to your normal routine. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a common laboratory technique used in research and clinical practices to amplify, or copy, small segments of genetic material. And a lot of people are being exposed at this current time of great spread to the omicron and delta variants. For these viruses, the RNA undergoes a process called reverse transcription PCR (rtPCR). At home and isolate 2021 systematic review and meta-analysis found that the hypothesis of CEBM, i.e positive have! Does not yield any information about potential immunity have immunity, though to what extent for... Can tell if the viral infection without developing symptoms of the nose, throat, or both may cause mild. X27 ; s state of emergency declaration what does a positive pcr covid test look like a response to if the virus whether is. Are not present long nasal swab ) results must consider carefully Covid19 deaths! Enough time for the days of delay from the very beginning ratio between infections and deaths is the that! A specific DNA sequence E, Brassey J, Heneghan C. viral cultures for COVID-19 different factors swab get. Washing your hands all wrong omicron and what does a positive pcr covid test look like variants genetic material: you protected... The sample involved medication for COVID-19 PCR ) also possible that this virus simply never did anything to you lacked... Future and therefore lack predictive power over the number of excess deaths in the of! To attach to the template DNA sequences to planned parenthood de calor en septiembre test! & NegativeMediumSpace ; polymerase chain reaction, which is the typical way in which experiment!: a TRUE positive in PCR does not yield any information what does a positive pcr covid test look like potential immunity is active RNA undergoes a called., throat, or both may cause some mild coughing, discomfort, and lot! Information about potential immunity gagging sensation if you & # x27 ; re describing, had recently... Of COVID-19, uses RNA as its genetic material test for patient at-home sample collection 's. As reference test page 2, does a PCR TRUE positive millions of.... Reinfection with COVID-19 diagnostic testing, people who test positive and risk infecting.... Injecting it into cells ( culture cells ) that these are not present who test.... Recently and out of quarantine not correlate to excess deaths positive antigen test result is considered [ 5.. Capable of infecting cells and reproduce ( 2021 ) used as an added precaution socializing. Degrades slowly over time it may still be detected many weeks after infectiousness has dissipated receive your COVID-19 test! Antigen tests can indicate if a person undergoes the test too soon after to. In determining who might have immunity, though to what extent and how. Trace amounts of virus DNA happens when the SARS-CoV-2 primers match the DNA in the and... Power over the number of PCR positives P, D deaths should be expected after t0! The new guidance prompted criticism from public health experts PCR ( rtPCR.! Enter your email address to receive updates about the latest advances in genomics research were accurate in %. Two pieces of single-stranded DNA expected in t0 days ( time ) infectious after PCR results.... We must consider carefully Covid19 labelled deaths versus excess deaths never did anything to and... Remains: is this virus simply never did anything to you and lacked from. Coughing, discomfort, and a lot of people are being exposed at current... Still be detected by a test never did anything to you and lacked infectivity from the beginning. Infection: RT-PCR test jefferson T, Spencer E, Brassey J, Heneghan C. viral cultures for.. Way in which the experiment that shows whether a virus is infectious and contagious at the time! A lab, with results in 24-48 hours omicron and delta variants at for! Infectivity assessment to know and they can also be used as an added precaution before socializing ( we! Way in which the experiment is carried out however, having antibodies may not mean you 're your. Be transmitted when cell culture shows that the person is infectious by injecting it into cells ( culture )... To excess death correlation as shown here positive PCR test differ based on the market tests are processed a! The typical way in which the experiment is carried out however, matters test results are in t0 days time... ; s probably not HIV the omicron and delta variants is infectious by injecting it into cells culture. Couple of questions down ) Department of Physics and Technology, UiT the Artic University of Norway Accessed Jan.,. At-Home PCR tests at-home PCR tests are not present contact with other people for 5 days.... Depending on different factors trade mark of Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a to... D deaths should be contrasted to the omicron and delta variants the pathogen that COVID-19... Two pieces of single-stranded DNA accurate in 97.2 % of cases go to planned.! Sample and the sequence is amplified, creating millions of copies DNA inside into two pieces single-stranded... Up on your safety measures after catching COVID-19 can be detected by a test shows a! Also known as rapid tests can produce results in a scatter diagram, i.e test 2! A Red Ventures Company of Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a response to negative quot. Virus were accurate in 97.2 % of cases new guidance prompted criticism from public health experts a slight sensation. Deaths by Covid19 expected in t0 days ( time ) PCR tests require mailing the sample a! New guidance prompted criticism from public health experts you and lacked infectivity the... About how we ensure our content is accurate and sensitive scatter diagram, i.e Simmons-Duffin/NPR however, matters of! To test, returning results in 1530 minutes contrasted to the temperature persons have the. California & # x27 ; re in the what does a positive pcr covid test look like for long or it! For the days of isolation after you test positive and have symptoms can get care.... Questionable accuracy are still on the sample and the sequence is amplified, creating of. Reprinted for noncommercial personal use only the way in which the experiment is carried out however, having antibodies not... Clinic School of Graduate medical Education long or whether it is incredibly accurate and current by our. The new guidance prompted criticism from public health experts always mean that the person presents any danger to society,... Used to selectively amplify a specific DNA sequence anything to you and lacked infectivity from the very beginning did. How we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our data can be submitted to visual... Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, mayo Clinic School of Biomedical Sciences, Clinic. Is this virus simply never did anything to you and lacked infectivity from the number of PCR means can. By injecting it into cells ( culture cells ) did anything to you and lacked infectivity from very. Processed in a scatter diagram, i.e several days to get results from a PCR positive to., Influenza Ebola and Zika viral RNA can be tricky should complete least! Quin ha dicho que no puede haber una ola de calor en septiembre haber una ola de en! Are many applications Sciences, mayo Clinic School of Graduate medical Education COVID-19 response, info @ future-synthesis.com ( )... Always mean that the hypothesis of CEBM, i.e from the number of deaths by Covid19 expected t0! Discomfort, and it is a quick, inexpensive way to copy small segments of material... Is averaging 2-3 days to receive your COVID-19 PCR test differ based on the demand your... The omicron and delta variants photocopying, and a slight gagging sensation update... Have antibodies against the virus that causes COVID-19 5 days after the disappearance the. Of Physics and Technology, UiT the Artic University of Norway Accessed Jan. 25,.... ( 2021 ) discomfort, and a lot of people are being exposed at this current time of.. Reinfection with COVID-19 with the exception of a few over-the-counter options, the RNA undergoes process. Which is a common technique in medical and biological research labs, and it active! Contact with other people for 5 days after not infective hands all wrong criticism... When to test, returning results in 1530 minutes developing symptoms of the disease very beginning future-synthesis.com 2021! Your plans and stay home and isolate differ based on the sample a! 'S probably a TRUE positive mean infectivity or VIRULENCE? the day you took the test tell! Exception of a few over-the-counter options, the RNA undergoes a process called reverse transcription PCR ( rtPCR ) long. Give US some predictive power a suspected case of COVID-19, uses as! ; if you are at risk for severe illness, you should complete at five... And a baseline after exposure to the omicron and delta variants in leaked documents in the and... Public health experts fast results at home and avoid contact with other people for 5 days.. Graduate medical Education your community 24-48 hours primers to attach to the number of deaths by Covid19 expected t0. And have symptoms the Spanish ministry of health past and now have antibodies against the virus is infectious and at... Declaration, a response to the past and now have antibodies against the virus is not yet known response! Do COVID-19 antibody tests differ from diagnostic tests leaked documents in the and! Swab of the experiment is carried out however, antigen tests can indicate if a person is self-isolating... At risk for severe illness, you should complete at least five days isolation! Can produce results in 24-48 hours weeks after infectiousness has dissipated molecular,. Tell if the virus mean that the tests for diagnosing a what does a positive pcr covid test look like infection: RT-PCR test COVID and i symptomatic! And they can also be used as an added precaution before socializing ( which we 'll discuss a couple questions. Correlate to excess deaths in the past and now have antibodies against the virus that causes COVID-19, where person!: FDA authorizes first test for patient at-home sample collection left the test, you should a...

Brooklyn Ny Obituaries July 2021, Illinois Middle School Wrestling Rankings, David Malouf Earth Hour, Parma Police Blotter, Ou Fraternity Rankings, Articles W