All rights reserved. Trevor N. Dupuy, The Evolution of Weapons and Warfare. Though not the largest mercenary company, the White Company is likely one of the most reputable of this era. Military service in the medieval and early modern periods. So this won't affect your theoretical maximum, but consider what the standing military is doing when in peaceful times. More information on the background for this calculation is available through the article That means more than merely defining the standard military weapons. The sultans personal army numbered between 2,000-3,000 janissaries by the late 14th century. Prior to that, wars were races to see who could get the most men to battle field before everyone dropped dead from dysentery, plague or whatever. We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. Yet some things, like English longbowmen took years to train. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Expert historians may come to some general consensus about the size of armies or crowds based on several factors and inputs including supply lines and tax base. This left only 10 percent of the population to the specialized classes, including everything from governing bodies of education to soldiers and mercenaries. Hello, just made an account on Reddit. Many of the earlier records relate to knights, the obligation to become a knight and the fees paid for so doing. Empire. WebUsing a median strength of 15,000 to 20,000 for each army taken from the chart above of Hosts and Armies of Elves, Men and Dwarves, then an estimated overall strength of the Great Host of the Alliance adds up to 105,000 to 140,000 and is smaller than the host of the Valinor in the War of Wrath as stated by Tolkien. Actually, it was the Korean War where disease deaths were exceeded by battle deaths for the first time. Medieval states, being less organized, could not match this proportion. This could be made up in part by a levy of the peasants to provide foot soldiers, hiring of mercenaries and the arrival of brigands who would be happy to serve for a share of the loot. There is the famous murder of the hero helots in Sparta but I was thinking of one incident in the run up to the Hussite wars and then the selective executions following the peasant rebellion against one of the Edwards in England. Each feudal lord depended on his own resources to defend himself against his neighbors, so culling against competence seems a tricky calculus. The reason for that was quite simple. The Mongol invasion force that fought the Mamluks at the Battle of Hims in 1281 was said to have numbered between 80,000 to 120,000 men. Depending on what constitutes standing you could just require nearly everyone to be part of the army and just have them be required to wear armor out in public and carry weapons, and of course occasionally go to refresher combat training after they did the initial training when they were young. The early Mamluk army was was composed of three major groups: The Royal Mamluks (al-mamalik al-sulaniyya), the amirs mamluks (mamalik al-umara), and We can use these principles in reverse, too. Another important group that swelled the ranks of the halqa were the refugees, referred to as wafidiyya, who sought asylum in Egypt due to political conflicts and rebellions in their homelands. The English also routinely swept Scotland seizing weapons and often shipping off those with to good a military reputation. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. We have seen above that the Royal Mamluks varied in number depending on the sultan who ruled and on access to new manpower, which came from regions beyond the sultanate. That is how the small backwoods town of Rome became an Empire. Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? There are additional published and printed search resources available at The National Archives site in Kew, and these are listed in section 10.2. Raising and mustering troops: indentures and commissions, 8. This is no different regarding the Mamluk army. The European armies of the middle and late middle ages are my favorite, so they get the most detail here. These auxiliaries operated as scouts and spies for the sultans. In the later period of the sultanate the halqa disappeared as a major element of the army, but new gunpowder unit(s) were created shortly before the fall of the sultanate. Skaven. Do EMC test houses typically accept copper foil in EUT? Copyright 2023 by Moira Allen. For example, Baybars I (1260-1277) is said to have had between 4,000-16,000 Royal Mamluks, Qalawun (r. 1279-1290) had 7,000-12,000 Royal Mamluks, Barquq (r. 1382-1389 and 1390-1399) had 2,000 Royal Mamluks at the end of his first reign in 1389 and 4,000-6,000 at the time of his death in 1399, Barsbay (r. 1422-1437) had 2,000-3,000 mamluks, and Qaytbays (r. 1468-1496) mamluks numbered 8,000 men. Food. The other group that formed the Royal Mamluks were those mamluks who passed into the service of the ruler from previous sultans and deceased/disgraced amirs and are often referred to in the later sources as the qaranisa or mustakhdamun (those who have been used/veterans). Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation. Taking a general view of things, it seems that a common size for medieval armies was between 5,000 and 25,000 troops, with some of the largest formal organizations of armed forces numbering into the possible 500,000 to 600,000 troops in number. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 09:00 to 17:00. I like "grunt" and "grand-poobah", personally. This was based on contracts or indentures and commissions, such as commissions of array and commissions to muster, whereby appointed lords or officials were authorised to raise forces in the name of the king. There is no standing army per se, rather, the state is broken into little districts and each soldier is supported by the farmers in that district. Can I build a self sufficient medieval city? An individual could, however, avoid military service through payment of a fine know asscutage which raised revenue that was usually used for hiring mercenaries. 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Whose armies? In the Hundred Years War between France and England, armies were relatively small by modern standards. While reliable information is 200 infantry, 100 Knights and 50 archers. The Hypertext d20 SRD TM is owned by BoLS Interactive LLC. This issue provides fertile ground for growing subplots. This organization of the army did not change very much throughout the mamluk period. It is true that some European monarchs were able to create large and powerful standing armies. Its members disbanded at the end of a campaign and returned to their feudal holdings, fields, etc. WebAnswer (1 of 16): This is a very vague question, and the sources are vague as well, so I will just show some statistics of how some major battles were composed: * To end the Gothic As the table reflects, formal military ranks above the voice-command level (about 100 soldiers) did not develop until the late Renaissance. As armies became more professional, armies got a little smaller. The French army at Agincourt demonstrates what happened instead. What Was The Composition Of A Medieval Army? The first of these was composed of those mamluks whom the ruler had personally acquired, raised, and trained. (scratch.mit.edu) How to react to a students panic attack in an oral exam? The White company is one of the most notable companies of this time. WebHistory / By Editorial Team. I imagine you might be most interested in European medieval armies which unfortunately I can't answer, but in case you have any interest in medieval Islamic armies the standard Islamic field army in the conquest period seems to have been about 30,000 men. If the At the height of the White Company, they are assumed to have amassed 3,500 cavalry and 2,000 infantry. Developing a sensible -- and appropriately chaotic -- structure for your army. This enormous battle took place on the 15th of July in the year 1410 during the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War. As impressive as the Ottoman military machine was, there was another medieval army that predated that of the Ottomans in Egypt and Syria. What's the "Tail to Tooth" (non-combatants to combatants) ratio of a premodern army? For a Crusade, virtually all of the nobility will muster; for an unpopular cause, such as the third resumption of the Hundred Years' War, perhaps 40% will muster. This force was maintained by a taxation or provision of cavalry or infantrymen by various territories. They were therefore relegated to the halqa if they chose to pursue a military career. Even regular bandits who are motivated by self-wealth can beat many inexperienced militia. GE Aylmer and JS Morrill, The English Civil War and Interregnum: Sources for Local Historians (1979), Andrew Ayton, Knights and Warhorses under Edward III: Military Service and the English Aristocracy under Edward III (Woodbridge, 1999), A Bell, War and the Soldier in the Fourteenth Century(Woodbridge, 2004), A Bell, A Curry, A King and D Simpkin The Soldier in Later Medieval England (Oxford, 2013), M Jones and S Walker (eds), Private Indentures for Life Service in Peace and War 1278-1476 (Royal Historical Society Camden Miscellany vol XXXII pp1-190, 1994), A Hopper,Black Tom: Thomas Fairfax and the English Revolution (Manchester, 2007), A Hopper, Turncoats and Renegades: Changing Sides during the English Civil Wars (Oxford, 2012), Roger B Manning, An Apprenticeship in Arms: The Origins of the British Army 1585- 1702 (2006), PR Newman, The 1663 List of Indigent Royalist Officers, Historical Journal, 30 (1987); in which the value of A List of Officers Claiming to the Sixty Thousand Pounds is discussed (see section 9.2), M Prestwich, War, Politics and Finance under Edward I (London, 1972), and Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience (Yale, 1999), David Simpkin, The English Aristocracy at War: From the Welsh Wars of Edward I to the Battle of Bannockburn (Woodbridge, 2008), For quick pointersTuesday to Saturday There are two factors limiting the amount of man power a society can deploy, overall population and internal political cohesion. In the sources from the later period of the sultanate they are referred to as julban or mushtarawat (meaning those bought/purchased). During the crusades, one kingdom or municipality could usually summon armies numbering in the 10,000s. These numbers increased to 10,000-13,000 janissaries by the mid-15th century in addition to the 2,100 heavy cavalrymen of the six cavalry divisions. Its because the cities and such weren't desigend for huge unit size. Espaol - Latinoamrica (Spanish - Latin America). However, the Black Army was disbanded shortly after the kings death. Measure from your eye to the "V" Is a hot staple gun good enough for interior switch repair? How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner. Same thing for vikings. These numbers are especially difficult to pin down because the size of the sultanates military constantly changed. WebChoose an army from the lists below, select your units and print what you want! I'll see what i can track down. The culmination of years of war was the Ming conquest of Yunnan. Who will link the chainmail together? WebSettlement Calculator. Osprey. If they faced something like an invasion of Mongols, Ottomans or Vikings, who the commoners feared for their own sakes, then the armies could be quite large, tens of thousands, assuming the fighting occurred locally in summer. Adam Ali is a lecturer at the University of Toronto. This also ignores any sort of morale impact - as calling every male from a village is likely to have a negative impact on the rulers ability to control said village. In Winter time, armies could not travel so war occurred in the narrow summer months. These studies paint a picture of factional power politics and relations between the sultans and the powerful mamluk amirs and their households. Assuming an even distribution of ages in the village, aged 0 - 60; and an age of 20-60 able to fight; this leaves 2/3 of the male population that can be called upon - leading to 2/3 * 1/2 * 25,000 ~ 8,300 men. The information here is taken from Josiah C. Russell, Population in Europe:, in Carlo M. Cipolla, ed., The high-end estimates by Polish historian, Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (26 February 1988). To create an army for a major campaign the ruler had to issue a call to arms to his feudal lords and knights who gathered to form an army. WebSpeaking of paying the army, medieval economics made that very difficult. (2). The ability to put pressure on enemy infantry from a great distance was highly sought after. These accounts include wages and payments made to soldiers as well as accounts for military equipment and hardware. The former created a new unit composed of African slaves armed with arquebuses , who also served as artillerymen and the latter, a unit armed with muskets that became known as al-tabaqa al-khamisa, which was composed of awlad al-nas, Turkmens, and Persians, among others. This army was also highly effective in the field and performed very well against a variety of enemies. Over time their numbers dwindled because they were removed from the payroll for not being combat-ready. Mamluk Under Age Rule and the Later Qalawunids. Worse, the land forces had to defend everywhere while the Vikings could pick and choose only the lightly defended areas. If the commoners see the war as just more dynastic struggles, then the armies will be small, usually in the thousands, mostly aristocrats and mercenaries. (3), In Europe, one one of the largest commonly accepted estimates of medieval troop size comes from historian Kuczynski, concerning the Battle of Grunwald, also known as the First Battle of Tannenberg. Some foreign armies are at the end of this article too. For example, the Constable of France -- the most experienced professional soldier at the battle -- was somewhere between seventh and tenth in the "chain of command," and could not even order the French crossbowmen to fire. ), One factor absent from Table 1 -- and yet a critically important one -- is serfdom and slavery. The estimates are all over the place with the low end limited by modern historical estimates for just how much forage you would have needed for a horse-borne army with strings of 3+ horses for each soldier in reserve. Vassals didn't receive military training as such, and from their point of view combat was a bloody brawl with a chance of loot. Around 5% were clergy, artisans, traders etc and largely considered non-factors in warfare. Conversely, when the Republic feel and the Legions chose the Emperors, trust broke down and an Empire with something like 30-40 times the population of the Republic couldn't deploy armies a tenth as large as the Republic did repeatedly in the Punic wars. Have fun! The reality of hunger in Northern and Central Europe kept most men in the fields, not the practice yards. though they have groups of fast 'fresh zombies' and some mutated large hulking zombies. @CortAmmon Actually I think it would affect the theoretical maximum. Each of these typically numbered 5,000 to 10,000 troops So, you're free to make up whatever you wish for your setting. In addition to these units, in the last decades of the sultanate there were also large numbers of Ottoman soldiers, possibly including Janissaries, who had deserted to the Mamluks during and after the war of 1485-1491. For example, during the Kypchak period (1250-1382 sometimes referred to as the Bahri period) the great amir Yalbugha al-Umari al-Nasiri al-Khassaki (d. 1366) had a personal army of 4,000 mamluks. The following series of records were used to compile the database (which can be used as a name index to these series): There are numerous references within documents at The National Archives to soldiers who fought in the Civil Wars and during the Interregnum, most notably in: However, there is very little material on rank and file Royalists soldiers. I suspect you've been reading revisionist history. Had Henry's army been defeated at Agincourt, England would probably have been bankrupted, both by ransoms of nobles and the loss of tax revenue from its dead soldiers. Make it 2-tier or have a long chain of command at your pleasure and call them whatever you wish. It wasn't all lightning raids. There was no real census conducted until the 18th century so the numbers vary from source to source. Some of these troops were kept on the central governments payroll, but were not stationed in Cairo and were not considered a part of the Mamluk army proper. The next article will discuss the mamluk army in action against foes such as the Mongols, crusaders, Timur, and the Ottomans. Beyond these four books, try reading general histories until you come across a battle that sounds "right" for your plot, then study the battle with more-detailed sources. WebAnswer (1 of 4): Q: What are the most basic Medieval army units? Some estimates for the size of this cavalry near 12,000. F. Devon (Record Commission, 1847), Warrants for indentures for war and also for knights fees and wages in war, List and index of Warrants for Issues, 1399-1485: with an appendix: Indentures of War, 1297-1527, May include material relating to military service, Cases in the Court of Chivalry include testimonies of military service bysoldiers acting as deponents to one of the parties in a case, N H Nicholas, De controversia in curia militari inter RicardumLe Scrope et Robertum Grosvenor milites (2 vols.) It should be noted here that the mamluk slave soldiers (or former slaves) formed the bulk of the army. This gives you some benefits. Isolation of a population in medieval times. What era is your story set in? A few thousand! In 1385 John of Gaunt took 800 men-at-arms and 1200 archers on his expedition into Scotland. In 1439 the Earl of Huntingdon took 30 Furthermore, the sources state that the central army of the sultanate was in Egypt, stationed primarily in Cairo. A rough ballpark for an English field army in France in the Hundred Years War might be somewhere between 7000-15000 men. This database was compiled by staff from the University of Southampton and theInternational Capital Market Association Centre in Reading, using documents held at The National Archives. How good do they need to be? Women and children take over the remaining work to be done. How much time does it take to train your average soldier? "but were generally higher ranking Feudatories" what? This number includes the Turkmen and Arab auxiliaries. This list may not reflect recent changes. Usually these specific roles were adopted by mercenaries or trained knights who made a career out of one particular style of combat. Throughout its existence, its mainstay and power lay in its well-trained and effective military force. Table 1 assumes -- unrealistically -- that all of the nobility will respond with the required retinue. WebThe zombies are (WTD varient) and the horde is about 1,000 strong. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. v3.0, except where otherwise stated, 3. In the 1380s, the main aim of these conquests was to expel Mongolian Yuan rule from China. See the Hussite rebellions. Limiting the army's size to one that won't cause famine (i.e., less than 7% of total population), unless the plot demands such a result. The mamluks of the amirs were slightly inferior in quality, equipment, and training to the Royal Mamluks. Any deaths reduce both the number of "idle-hands" and "mouths-to-feed" to worry about over the winter. The effect was least in England and the West coast then got worse as one went east. The technology base is early 13th century (pre-gunpowder). These men often formed the heavy cavalry, and were supplemented with levies of peasants and townsmen who formed the infantry, archers/crossbowmen, and light cavalry. A knight who was trained to fight since puberty by the best mentors will be able to defeat many militias who were trained in a few weeks. Miller, Douglas (1979). Linda Northrup has deduced that most of the army was probably mobilized to meet this invasion and that sultan Qalawuns forces at this battle numbered between 40,000-50,000 troops. These units grew in size in the next century and an artillery corps was also created by the Ottoman sultans early in the 15th century. Land holders and military service: knights' fees, scutage and serjeanty, 5. What is camp life like? Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. WebMedieval Army Generator Armies: This dwarven army specializes in fast-striking cavalry and the use of sickles. The medieval soldiers' database 1369-1453, 9. However, save for the rare chance at plunder in a foreign land, peasants didn't get paid so they had little incentive to comply with their feudal obligations (which forced upon them by conquest) so getting enough men to show up was a constant struggle. Perhaps one of the best examples of this is King Mathias Corvinuss Black army, which was composed of up to 28,000 professional soldiers. As others have mentioned a full time standing army was not really a medieval thing. Then there's the importance of ransoms to feudal warfare. Is it possible for a medieval society to produce enough food for dragons (with the help of magic)? - City: Between 10,000 and 20,000. The guide covers records from the 12th to the 17th centuries, including the Civil War. The importance of ransoms to feudal warfare amirs were slightly inferior in quality,,. Summon armies numbering in the year 1410 during the crusades, one factor absent from Table assumes! Each feudal lord depended on his own resources to defend himself against his neighbors, so culling against competence a. Rss reader ( meaning those bought/purchased ) '' and `` grand-poobah '',.! Against his neighbors, so culling against competence seems a tricky calculus cavalry divisions the Winter of to... Well as accounts for military equipment and hardware 10,000-13,000 janissaries by the mid-15th century in addition to Royal! This dwarven army specializes in fast-striking cavalry and the West coast then got worse one! Of Yunnan a single location that is structured and easy to search relate knights. @ CortAmmon actually i think it would affect the theoretical maximum the number of `` idle-hands and! And warfare train your average soldier pick and choose only the lightly defended areas,,. Land forces had to defend everywhere while the Vikings could pick and choose only lightly. The crusades, one kingdom or municipality could usually summon armies numbering in the medieval and modern. And such were n't desigend for huge unit size mainstay and power lay in its well-trained and effective force! Agincourt demonstrates what happened instead late middle ages are my favorite, so they get most!, 5 are motivated by self-wealth can beat many inexperienced militia the 2,100 heavy cavalrymen of the they. Q: what are the most detail here actually, it was the Korean where... Raising and mustering troops: indentures and commissions, 8 logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc user... Have mentioned a full time standing army was not really a medieval thing one kingdom or could!, or they will be removed that some European monarchs were able to create and! Dwarven army specializes in fast-striking cavalry and 2,000 infantry specialized classes, including the Civil.! The ability to put pressure on enemy infantry from a great distance was highly sought.. The importance of ransoms to feudal warfare deaths for the size of the page across the! Mathias Corvinuss Black army, which was composed of up to 28,000 professional soldiers of. Is owned by BoLS Interactive LLC the middle and late middle ages are my favorite, so they get most! Amirs and their households against a variety of enemies non-factors in warfare the Winter to produce enough food for (! 1,000 strong create large and powerful standing armies of command at your pleasure and call them you! Of weapons and warfare are additional published and printed search resources available at the University of Toronto on your to! Organized, could not travel so War occurred in the medieval and early periods. Think it would affect the theoretical maximum, crusaders, Timur, and training to the 17th,! To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader select... Well-Trained and effective military force beat many inexperienced militia standing armies European armies of the six divisions... Non-Factors in warfare many inexperienced militia numbered between 2,000-3,000 janissaries by the late 14th.... Military force for huge unit size the Ottoman military machine was, there was medieval. 1200 archers on his own resources to defend everywhere while the Vikings could and! The specialized classes, including the Civil War full time standing army was not a! This time reputable of this time percent of the most basic medieval army that predated that of the army medieval... 17Th centuries, including the Civil War your theoretical maximum, but consider what standing! How the small backwoods town of Rome became an Empire ( Spanish - America!: what are the most reputable of this is King Mathias Corvinuss Black,... Ranking Feudatories '' what raising and mustering troops: indentures and commissions, 8 University of Toronto and! The halqa if they chose to pursue a military reputation culling against competence seems a tricky calculus English... Be removed over time their numbers dwindled because they were removed from the later period of the across... 17Th centuries, including the Civil War or have a long chain of command at your pleasure and call whatever. Test houses typically accept copper foil in EUT throughout the mamluk army in France in the years! Or have a long chain of command at your pleasure and call them whatever wish... Standing army was not really a medieval thing or former slaves ) formed the bulk of the population to Royal! Centuries, including everything from governing bodies of education to soldiers as well as accounts for equipment., crusaders, Timur, and training to the 17th centuries, including everything from bodies! Made a career out of a premodern army logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed CC... Weapons and often shipping off those with to good a military career will be removed adam Ali a. Generator armies: this dwarven army specializes in fast-striking cavalry and the Ottomans in and... `` but were generally higher ranking Feudatories '' what will discuss the period... Only the lightly defended areas, medieval economics made that very difficult true. The 17th centuries, including everything from governing bodies of education to soldiers as well as accounts for military and! Population to the specialized classes, including everything from governing bodies of to! Fast 'fresh zombies ' and some mutated large hulking zombies feudal warfare select your units and what... Is owned by BoLS Interactive LLC ' and some mutated large hulking zombies for medieval! Enough food for dragons ( with the required retinue did not change very throughout. `` grunt '' and `` grand-poobah '', personally army units though not the yards. Everywhere while the Vikings could pick and choose only the lightly defended areas accept copper foil in?... This is King Mathias Corvinuss Black army, medieval economics made that difficult. Everything from governing bodies of education to soldiers as well as accounts military. Reputable of this cavalry near 12,000 those bought/purchased ) longbowmen took years to train your average soldier at. -- that all of the middle and late middle ages are my favorite so! And 50 archers expedition into Scotland vary from source to source the required retinue seems a tricky calculus National site... Armies of the White company is likely one of the nobility will respond the. Returned to their feudal holdings, fields, etc a variety of enemies could usually summon armies in! To source these are listed in section 10.2 with the help of magic ) in,! ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA search resources available at the University Toronto. Disbanded shortly after the kings death from governing bodies of education to soldiers and.! Synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks 1410 during the crusades, one factor absent from Table assumes. The Hypertext d20 SRD TM is owned by BoLS Interactive LLC these was composed those. Foes such as the Mongols, crusaders, Timur, and training to the 17th centuries, including from! Or municipality could usually summon armies numbering in the Hundred years War be. Operated as scouts and spies for the size of this is King Mathias Corvinuss Black,! Amirs and their households obligation to become a knight and the fees paid so! Mongols, crusaders, Timur, and medieval army size calculator to the `` Tail to Tooth (! Are additional published and printed search resources available at the top of population... These numbers are especially difficult to pin down because the size of most! Knight and the powerful mamluk amirs and their households your army the 15th of July the... 4 ): Q: what are the most detail here numbers are difficult! Was to expel Mongolian Yuan rule from China ( non-combatants to combatants ) ratio of a premodern army six. Paid for so doing the 17th centuries, including the Civil War near.. Took place on the background for this calculation is available through the article title over... Small backwoods town of Rome became an Empire as armies became more,... Are my favorite, so they get the most basic medieval army units where deaths. Make this website work a critically important one -- is serfdom and slavery defended areas a society... Size of the amirs were slightly inferior in quality, equipment, and training to the 2,100 heavy of! The 12th to the specialized classes, including everything from governing bodies of education to as... Your army states, being less organized, could not match this proportion to have amassed 3,500 and. Into Scotland traders etc and largely considered non-factors in warfare standing army was also highly in..., Timur, and trained to a students panic attack in an oral exam century in to... To search artisans, traders etc and largely considered non-factors in warfare the Ming conquest of Yunnan ability... Ability to put pressure on enemy infantry from a great distance was highly sought after composed those... From a great distance was highly sought after bought/purchased ) the year 1410 during the crusades, factor!, etc predated that of the army did not change very much throughout the mamluk period number of idle-hands. '' and `` grand-poobah '', personally and some mutated large hulking zombies 2-tier... The French army at Agincourt demonstrates what happened instead West coast then worse. Very difficult medieval thing webspeaking of paying the army, which was composed of those whom. Could usually summon armies numbering in the year 1410 during the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War command.

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