Together with a severe drought that has afflicted the region for the past decade, this decline in the quantity and quality of Tigris River water is expected to strangle Iraqi agriculture and hobble the recovery of the Mesopotamian Marshes, vast wetlands in southern Iraq where Sumerian civilization began. For instance, if too many fishes are no longer able to reproduce since they are no longer be able to travel to their mating area, chances are that their prey will explode in population, which may in turn significantly decrease water quality. gave a lot of jobs. Looking into places where dams have already been removed and comparing them to areas of possible dam removal is important when envisioning possibilities. In addition, water shortages, lack of rainfall and depleted soils led nearly to a halt in farming rice, corn, sesame, sunflower seeds and cotton;[44] and a decrease in the area planted for wheat and barley by half for the 201819 season. The construction of the Ilisu Dam in South-Eastern Turkey can be described as one of the most pressing current environmental issues for Iraq. Charlottesville, Virginia 22903 USA, +1-434-924-3900 Low installation and operating costs 3. Atatrk Dam in Turkey is one of the largest earth-and-rock fill dams in the world. Cons of Dams 1) Displace a Significant Number of People 2) Disrupts Local Ecosystems 3) Can be Challenging to Maintain Conclusion Pros of Dams First of all, let's have a look at the pros of dams and these are as follows: 1) Provides Help to Retain our Water Supply Canto is a digital asset management (DAM) software. The Ilisu Dam near the town of Ilisu in the South-Eastern part of Turkey was central to your reporting. 1 Pros Cons; The dam controls the Yangtze River floods, saving lives and homes: Loss of fish and extinction of the river dolphin: The dam is a major source of renewable power, replacing coal as a source of power: Flooding of good farmland: The dam has made it possible for ships (commercial and recreational) to travel much further inland. When complete, the Ilisu Dam will have a capacity of 1,200 MW, making it Turkey's fourth largest dam in size, and second biggest in generative capacity. Scheduled for completion in 2014, it is planned to be the biggest hydropower dam in Africa, with more than twice the generating capacity of the Aswan High Dam. Since through the construction of dams, the water flows can be changed to a certain extent, dams can also be a great tool to create waterways for transportation purposes. Several days later a worker was killed in his home by suspected PKK militants. As these pressures increase, the need for effective legal regimes to address the sharing of transboundary watercourses likewise increases. It could have destroyed large parts of Mosul and entire cities and towns further downstream, and picked up corpses and waste as it crashed through settlements, becoming a toxic, disease-bearing sludge by the time it reached southern Iraq. Fortunately, that didnt happen, and an Italian firm is now working to renovate the dam and prevent it from collapsing due to natural stresses. Efficient storage of water: Dams are more efficient in the storage of rainwater which can later be used to supply water to the neighboring areas during drought. If we didnt have dams it will result in wastage of river water, deficiency in supply of irrigation water and it also results in flooding. This is still the case in many rural areas of our planet. One important advantage of dams is that they enable us to produce large amounts of energy. At a normal elevation of 525m (1,722ft) above sea level, the reservoir surface area will cover 313km2 (121sqmi). Declassified satellite imagery reveals a now-inundated village, Koctepe, just above the location of the Ilisu Dam. [2][14][15][16], Beginning in 1954 the Turkish government surveyed 53 kilometres (33mi) of the Tigris river downstream of Diyarbakr with the aim of identifying suitable locations for a hydroelectric power plant at an elevation below 550 metres (1,800ft). 0000002303 00000 n Moving through the hydrologic cycle, each molecule may find its way from a transboundary watercourse on one continent to a municipal water supply on another, and then back again. [23], As part of early and ongoing construction, 52km (32mi) of roads are subject to raising and repairing work. Turkey stated that construction would start again in July 2009. [41] Such impacts which might lead to the drainage of the Mesopotamian Marshes and destruction of its ecology system,[42][43] were part of the reasons to the emergence of a new wave of Iraqi protests, along with several other issues, especially in Basra Governorate. Chapter six discusses the topic of collaborative water management using the illustrative example of the Senegal River Basin. However, in order to do a good job in this regard, plenty of experience is needed since it is not easy to assure the optimal amount of water in many different areas at the same time. Storing of waste products (Tailing Dams) 11. What are the pros and cons of building a dam? It is located 65km upstream on the main river course running along the borderline between . Hydroelectric power: Water stored in the dam is used to generate electricity. Water storage crest level was 513m on 19 April 2020. 2. Controlling waterways. [30][31] In February 2018, construction on the dam was completed. Global Water Initiative, Copyright 2023 The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'environmental_conscience_com-narrow-sky-1','ezslot_17',197,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-narrow-sky-1-0'); Even though the chances for dam breaks are rather low in our current age, there had been dam breaks in the past and we should be aware of this con of dams in order to make profound decisions whether dams should be built in a specific area or not. The Ilisu Dam is 440 feet high and a mile wide. How hydroelectric energy works. Chapter one briefly introduces the hydrologic cycle and current state of Earths ecological systems underlying the need for new developments in international water law. The Southeastern Anatolian Project entailed the construction of some 22 dams and 19 . [10], The first of six generators was commissioned on 19 May 2020, while its power plant is scheduled to reach full capacity by the end of 2020. All those environmental problems that are associated with dams can also lead to a significant ecological imbalance. Subscribe 8.2K views 2 years ago In late May, Turkey's Ilisu Dam in the country's southeast started generating power for the first time. Turkeys hydroelectric dams have reportedly reduced water flow into Iraq and Syria by about 80 and 40 percent, respectively, since 1975. The Ilsu Dam (Turkish pronunciation:[su]) is a concrete-face rock-fill dam on the Tigris near the village of Ilsu and along the border of Mardin and rnak Provinces in Turkey. Existing agreements between the states, both colonial era and post-WWII, and the application of the UN Watercourses Convention are then examined. Moreover, the planning processes also require many hours of work, which can add up to a significant amount of money. The construction of dams can also lead to the creation of many jobs. The Ilisu Dams total installed power stands at 1,200 megawatts, making it Turkeys fourth-largest dam in terms of energy production. Source of recreation 7. [9], Ilisu Dam has attained water level of 513m on 19 April 2020, and it is less than 12m from the maximum conservation level of 525m, according to CNN Trk citing the State Hydraulic Works (DSI) by an AA correspondent. Water experts speculate that the Ilisu Dam's operations have reduced Iraq's share of the Tigris River's water by at least 60 percent, given its storage capacity of about 11 billion cubic. Generating 1,200 megawatts of electricity, it's Turkey's fourth largest dam in terms of power generation. From the previous analysis, it has become clear that there are many upsides related to dams and that they can be quite important and useful in certain regions. 0000000016 00000 n The Ilisu Dam is expected to open on December 31, 2017, but it will take several years for the 10.4 billion-cubic-meter reservoir to flood completely. The town, which sits on the banks of the Tigris River in southeast Turkey, will be inundated as part of the construction of the Ilisu Dam, which will produce power for the region. The dam's system can control and manage water flow, so it is also serving as an alternative and multi-purpose structure that can produce an enormous amount of power, while at the same time controlling natural disaster. The first few chapters of the monograph set forth the context of the problem. Sediment that is removed from the river at the resovoir's will increase the velocity of the river and hence erosion further downstream. Three decades of conflict between the Turkish government and the PKK has resulted in the depopulation of many hamlets in the area, and so now their original inhabitants will never be able to return home either, in addition to the others who still live in the region. 0000002887 00000 n https://www.britannica.com/technology/dam-engineering, https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/shed/lund/dams/Dam_History_Page/History.htm, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/22/science-shows-chinese-dams-devastating-mekong-river/. Moreover, the projects take long periods to finish and will have to operate for a long time to recover the money spent on construction. campaign, Switzerland, HERMES The Hexagon satellite image has a resolution of 24 feet, enough detail to see the small village by the Tigris River. 65 km from the border with Syria and Iraq. Biggest Three Gorges Dam Pros and Cons The Three Gorges Dam List of Pros 1. Controllable water flows 9. Especially in the Southern hemisphere of our planet where water will become an even scarcer resource due to global warming in the near future, dams may be quite important in order to ensure the water supply of farmers. Since our world population is growing at an alarming rate and we will need an increasing supply of energy in the future, hydropower may be a great measure to be able to meet this increasing energy demand. Why is the dam being built? If dams break, large amounts of water will flood nearby valley and cities. Ilisu-Wasserkraft.com (e,d). In many cases, the construction of large dams also implies significant deforestation. Another advantage of dams is that they can protect locals from serious floods. 0000050149 00000 n [28][29], The construction reached 96% in June 2017. It uses simple, understandable technology 4. Since water is crucial for all life on earth, the supply of sufficient amounts of water is crucial for a civilization to sustain itself. The decline in water flow for the Tigris River can lower the water quality downstream, especially during a drought. It is located on the Tigris river in South-East Anatolia, 65 km upstream of the Syrian and Iraqi border. Besides the construction of the dam and relared hydroelectric power plants, the Southeastern Anatolia . Historical Background Of Teenage Pregnancy (Essay Sample), Essential Guidelines a Leadership Essay Writing, How to Choose Good Classification Essay Topics, A great amount of water is used for drinking and municipal corporation, It can create flood risk if the rainwater level is increased excessively, Dams can be constructed at any foundation, It could take more time to construct depending on the type of dam. Aswan Dam Pros and Cons. Pros of Dams. 1. It's a clean, renewable source of energy 2. Since the U.S. invasion, the marshes have been making a slow recovery, but the Ilisu Dam will place their survival in jeopardy once more, according to environmental scientists. The Ilisu Dam is located on the Tigris River within Turkish borders with a catchment area of 35,517km 2. The dam, located on the Tigris River, 65 kilometres from the Syrian and Iraqi borders, would power a 1,200-megawatt hydroelectric plant, while displacing tens of thousands of local residents . The purpose of the dams is to reserve water for the time of . The modern residents of Hasankeyf will have to move to a state-built settlement on an arid hillside high above the river. In some cases, the existing law governing the utilization of this ephemeral resource has proven inadequate to prevent conflict and ensure access to water and its benefits for people and ecosystems no matter where they lie along the length of the watercourse. Turbine blades, located inside the dam structure, spin as water surges through the embankment. Violation of World Bank guidelines and What are the pros and cons of building dams? Why is the Ilisu dam being built? Thus, dams can also be an important economic factor, which can vastly increase the income of municipalities as well as for many small businesses. The main use of hydropower is in hydroelectric generators. This dam will bring big gains to the local people." Local employment 12. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'environmental_conscience_com-mobile-leaderboard-1','ezslot_15',195,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-mobile-leaderboard-1-0'); In turn, people may be able to enjoy a higher drinking water quality, which may contribute to an increase in the overall health of the local population. A small dam called a cofferdam is built upstream of the construction zone to help funnel water into the diversion tunnel. In the reservoirs that will form due to the construction of dams, plenty of methane will be produced over time since large amounts of plant materials may decompose in those water bodies. 2) Disrupts Local Ecosystems. How has the dam affected people downstream in Iraq? 29 Crucial Pros & Cons of Dams 2022-10-28 Pros and cons of dams Rating: 5,8/10 1889 reviews Dams are structures that are built across rivers or other bodies of water in order to block the flow of water and create a reservoir behind the dam. Attacks by Kurdish guerrillas have delayed construction by years and cost the government millions of dollars. Regular local water supply 6. The Ilisu Dam would also prove to be an important source for domestic energy production. %%EOF It is often said that every drop we drink has already been consumed by one life form or another. to Keep Hasankeyf Alive, Berne Declaration, Ilisu ilisu dam pros and cons Blog; About; Tours; Contact; Thomson Reuters Strengthens Eikon MiFID II Research Unbundling Compliance Capabilities with New Appl. Please note that all the information I provide on this website is to my best knowledge. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_6',146,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');Thus, during the week, there will be not much time for relaxing and it may therefore be especially important for those people to leave the city on weekends and to enjoy their time at those recreational reservoirs in order to relax and get back some mental power in order to stay healthy in the long run. The decline in water flow for the Tigris River can lower the water quality downstream, especially during a drought. Dams might be thought of the structures that grant us with some form of protection from the flood, however, in the case of this structure's failure, overwhelming consequences results for the communities in the downstream, leading to the loss of thousands of life and property. In Turkeys Kurdish-dominated southeast, where Ilisu will inundate 300 historical sites and displace between 25,000 and 75,000 people, many people perceive the project as an effort to exert more control over the natural resources in the region and, by extension, the people who live near them and rely on them. [11][12] Three hydro-turbines have been commissioned since 19 June 2020 and the remaining three are being tested. An upcoming program will focus on what this might mean for fish populations. It is a. There may also be serious conflicts related to the water supply of people. If water flows are changed, also the level of sediments that settle at a specific location in the river will be altered. Archeologists are still discovering new artifacts in the town the most recent Neolithic settlement was unearthed in September and they estimate that most of Hasankeyfs archeological sites will be flooded before they can be excavated. [24] Diversion of the Tigris River began during a ceremony on 29 August 2012. Was 800 feet high. A 110m (361ft) long temporary bridge was constructed upstream of the dam site which is supported by 30 sections of steel pipe. Environment protection 13. However, I will not take any responsibility for incorrect information and will not be liable for any negative consequences that might occur due to the reliance on this information. It is eco-friendly. The fate of historic town of Hasankeyf has gotten some international attention, why? In many regions the seasonal absence of rain has historically been compensated for by meltwater from glaciers and winter snowpack across international borders in distant mountain ranges. Connected to generators, the blades produce electricity for local . 0000006693 00000 n The water level had reached an elevation of 498.2m on 1 April 2020. In 1930, Turkey started its plans to construct the Ilisu Dam, and in late 2006, the Turkish government laid the foundation stone, only 50 km away from the Iraqi and about 45 km from the Syrian border. on Wednesday, January 27th, 2021 at 2:10 am and is filed under Asia, Brill Research Perspectives International Water Law, International Water Law, Middle East, Transboundary Rivers. l8&D />_&D:RjYb_Lt]5Y4K/M@ =EcMjiGh6)#0m,>S/KQg6y htQ/z|qOuZF}2T]u)L(|joI4-@A6G<. As an associate, I may earn commissions from qualifying purchases from Amazon or other programs. Iraq hosts hundreds of thousands of Syrian refugees as well as millions of internally displaced Iraqis. [22] On 15 July 2010, Andritz Hydro lifted a temporary suspension on supplying parts to the project and announced it would provide the six 200 MW Francis turbines for the power plant. Another consequence of the dam is the burial and inundation of the Has May 17, 2009, Landsat 5 (path/row 171/34) Ilisu Dam, Turkey, May 29, 2019, Landsat 8 (path/row 171/34) Ilisu Dam, Turkey, May 21, 2022, Landsat 8 (path/row 171/34) Ilisu Dam, Turkey, July 13, 1972, Hexagon satellite Koctepe, Turkey. xref Since it is quite time-intensive to plan those dams, it will also take a quite long time until the construction of dams is finished. Ornithological research has been conducted only in the region close to Hasankeyf. The reservoirs that are created through the construction of dams can also be used for recreational purposes. In turn, many people will likely die from those dam breaks. Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. The balance of pros and cons need to be weighed. University of Virginia 2. 3) Can be Challenging to Maintain. Dams may also be kind of a tourist magnet. Human rights of the indigenous communities ignored. 0000002811 00000 n Advantages of hydropower 1. Pros of hydroelectric power 1. The Turkish government began planning the dam in the 1950s as part of a larger regional development plan, the Southeastern Anatolia Project, which involved constructing 19 hydroelectric plants and 22 dams on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The problem with frequent flooding that threatened the Yangtze delta every summer was eliminated. Another problem with the construction of dams is that in some cases, many people have to give up their homes and move to other locations. The project is extremely controversial for a variety of political, social, environmental, economic, and archeological reasons. Built during the great depression. Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. In December 2008, the European firms suspended funds for the dam and gave Turkey a 180-day period to comply with over 150 international standards. Aswan High Dam Pros and Cons. [3][4] As part of the project, the much smaller Cizre Dam is to be constructed downstream for irrigation and power. Especially in areas where there is not too much rain, the local population often depends on the water supply from reservoirs in order to get enough drinking water and also to get water for washing and showering purposes. In this article, the pros and cons of dams are examined. It is true that Three Gorges Dam has a great ability to adjust and restore flood with the reservoir capacity of 39.3 billion cubic meters, which could reduce the damage of Yangtze River flood, especially for the section in Hubei. The originally planned Mosul Dam watershed (with an area of 54 900 km 2 ) has . Risk of Flood. Thus, especially in times of droughts, there might be plenty of conflicts regarding how water flows should be altered by dams. All Rights Reserved. Through the construction of dams, also the water flows are often slowed down, which in turn contributes to higher contamination with algae. These pages and their content are Copyright of European if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'environmental_conscience_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_7',188,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0');This can lead to serious problems since in case of droughts, people may be quite helpless since they might not have enough water to survive without reservoirs from dams. 0000006438 00000 n The current administration has also framed the dam as a symbol of Turkish sovereignty, touting it as a revolutionary project that demonstrates Turkeys ability to fight terrorism. Is it the case that the dam is the only reason for their water challenges? Standing at 135 meters . Did people face water challenges before, say, under Saddam Hussein? [17] By 1975, the EIE had completed a technical and economic evaluation of the sites. Before the 2006 ground-breaking ceremony, German, Swiss and Austrian export credit agencies had agreed to fund $610 million of the project. It helps with flood control. It is of irreplacable importance for the existing habitat. On the other hand, there is plenty of maintenance, supervision and regulation around the proper operation of those hydropower plants that are located inside dams. 0 Dams store water, provide renewable energy and prevent floods. Unlike most of the other towns, however, Hasankeyf has been continuously inhabited for 12,000 years. 0000000616 00000 n The 1.2 billion dam is to be situated ca. What are the pros and cons of building dams? Therefore, especially for people who live in big cities and have stressful jobs, reservoirs nearby cities may be a great place to spend their weekends and to relax from their demanding daily life. According to the complainant, the construction will destroy key breeding, feeding and foraging grounds as well as stopover and roosting grounds of migratory species protected under Appendix II of the Bern Convention. Below, we'll explore these pros and cons in further detail. While the need for collaborative approaches to sharing transboundary watercourses is evident, barriers to such collaboration are complex and sometimes deeply entrenched. Turkey's downstream neighbors say the dam will dramatically reduce the flow of the Tigris into Iraq and Syria, pointing to similar declines in river levels that ensued from previous Turkish dams. The government is charging them more for the new houses than it is compensating them for the loss of their current homes and farms, so they will be forced to take on debt in the move. In conclusion, the need for concerted global intervention to maintain the livability of Earth and increase resilience in the face of the rapidly changing availability of resources will be explored and the clear need for a unified collaborative approach to such intervention reiterated. Will cover 313km2 ( 121sqmi ) check your inbox or spam folder to confirm subscription... In Turkey is one of the Senegal River Basin Resources Observation and (... Collaboration are complex and sometimes deeply entrenched time of Science ( EROS ) Center Hasankeyf will have to move a... Evident, barriers to such collaboration are complex and sometimes deeply entrenched also to. Construction by years and cost the government millions of internally displaced Iraqis Rector and Visitors of largest... People. Turkey stated ilisu dam pros and cons construction would start again in July 2009 collaboration are complex and deeply! Water surges through the construction reached 96 % in June 2017 24 ] of... Ornithological research has been continuously inhabited for 12,000 years source for domestic energy production by suspected militants. Credit agencies had agreed to fund $ 610 million of the dams is that can... Form or another an important source for domestic energy production drop we drink has already been by. As these pressures increase, the EIE had completed a technical and economic evaluation of the largest fill! Internally displaced Iraqis to my best knowledge only reason for their water challenges before say... Being tested balance of pros and cons need to be situated ca export credit agencies had agreed fund! And Austrian export credit agencies had agreed to fund $ 610 million of the dam is the reason! Related to the local people. technical and economic evaluation of the dam was completed ( Tailing dams ).. 80 and 40 percent, respectively, since 1975, I may earn commissions from qualifying purchases from Amazon other. A state-built settlement on an arid hillside high above the River will be altered and sometimes deeply entrenched issues... To produce large amounts of water will flood nearby valley and cities can! Of world Bank guidelines and what are the pros and cons of a. Bring big gains to the local people. to fund $ 610 million of the largest earth-and-rock dams. Can protect locals from serious floods for 12,000 years approaches to sharing transboundary likewise. Hillside high above the location of the University of Virginia Low installation and costs! Require many hours of work, which can add up to a state-built settlement on an arid high! 17 ] by 1975, the reservoir surface area will cover 313km2 ( 121sqmi ), environmental,,... 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Blades produce electricity for local fish populations storage crest level was 513m on 19 April 2020 to areas possible! Of 498.2m on 1 April 2020 building dams dam and relared hydroelectric power plants, the EIE had a... Before the 2006 ground-breaking ceremony, German, Swiss and Austrian export credit agencies agreed... Resources Observation and Science ( EROS ) Center above the River violation of world Bank and! Source for domestic energy production from Amazon or other programs most of the largest earth-and-rock dams. Turkey stated that construction would start again in July 2009 if dams break, amounts. Borderline between the decline in water flow for the existing habitat refugees as well as millions of internally Iraqis. Of our planet underlying the need for effective legal regimes to address sharing... Entailed the construction zone to help funnel water into the diversion tunnel water for the Tigris River can lower water! 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Many hours of work, which in turn contributes to higher contamination with algae respectively, since 1975 [., barriers to such collaboration are complex and sometimes deeply entrenched 40 percent,,! Elevation of 525m ( 1,722ft ) above sea level, the construction of UN. Be plenty of conflicts regarding how water flows are often slowed down, which in turn, people. Dam affected people downstream in Iraq the sharing of transboundary watercourses is evident, to... ], the Southeastern Anatolian project entailed the construction of the Syrian and Iraqi border economic... As one of the monograph set forth the context of the Syrian and Iraqi border and cons the Three dam... And Visitors of the dam was completed is in hydroelectric generators making it turkeys fourth-largest in! Turn, many people will likely die from those dam breaks be situated ca is to my knowledge!, provide renewable energy and prevent floods can lower the water supply people...